02/19/2012.
Understanding Judaism was the theme presented by our guest speaker, Dr. James Nocon. Dr. Nocon is a member of Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation, a member of the Mankind Project, and a frequent speaker on Judaism to Christian groups. He outlined the importance to Christians of acquiring a good working knowledge of Jewish history, faith, and traditions:
- Lent makes more sense to the Christian who is knowledgeable of Jewish history and religious customs.
- The upcoming Mankind Project production, Visiting Mr. Green, draws heavily on Jewish culture, as do many well-known plays and works of art, such as Fiddler on the Roof.
- Jews and Christians who are familiar with one another’s customs and traditions will quite naturally be better neighbors.
“I’m Just a Jew”, is how Dr. Nocon likes to be regarded by his audience. In so doing, he reminds his audience that Jews are, like all people, those who seek to live life fully and well, and with peace and goodwill toward others in shared community. There are a number of distinctive elements to Judaism that he believes are important for Christians to understand.
- Dr. Nocon stresses that the central theme of Judaism is building and maintaining relationships: to God, to Israel, and to one another. Experientially, the Jewish temple service and the Protestant Christian worship service are virtually the same in practice.
- Judaism is not a race, although Jews are culturally Semitic. There are three ethnic groups of Judaism that evolved following the Babylonian dispersion of Israel, known as the Diaspora: the Ashkenazi, who settled in Northern and Eastern Europe, with the largest communities in Russia and Poland; the Sephardim, who settled around the Mediterranean Sea and North Africa; and the Ladinos, who settled in South America.
- The answer to the question, “What is a Jew?” is settled by matriarchal lineage. If Mom was a Jew, so are you! Historically, the debate concerning King David’s lineage has not been fully satisfied because much of his Jewish heritage depends on his patriarchal lineage. The word Hebrew means, literally, “from the other side”, in reference to Abraham, whose family came from the opposite side of the Euphrates from Palestine.
- Judaism’s unique claim in faith-history is that Jews were the first to espouse monotheism – the belief that there is one God alone, the Author and Origin of all. The name ‘Jew’ comes from ‘Yehudi’ – the name given them by surrounding tribal peoples in the region of Palestine.
- In regard to faith-practice, there are three branches of Judaism:
The Orthodox, who believe God gave the commandments to Moses and intended for Jews to keep them, as they were handed down – all 613 of them (365 Thou shalt NOT, and 248 Thou Shall). Kashrut, the practice of obeying strict Kosher dietary laws, is carefully followed. The most ultra-orthodox of this group are known as the Hasidim. This group wears their prayer shawls throughout the day, so as to be in constant prayer to God.
The Conservative, who believe laws and ideas come from God, transmitted through humans; therefore, it is necessary to adapt the laws to the realities of human experience. One connects to God through participation in congregational life.
The Reform, who believe that one’s connection to God is direct and autonomous. This group was founded in Germany. Today, 85% of American Jews are Reform. Within this group has arisen a sub- group known as Reconstructionists; they seek to incorporate American ideals into their faith-practice.
- What is it that Jews actually believe? Dr. Nocon offers these helpful definitions:
On God: God is One – unique, incorporeal, and eternal.
On Prayer – tefillim – “through the conduit of the prophets”. The Jew is able to pray to God because of the covenants established through God’s prophets who were sent to turn the people to God. During prayer, the Askenazi wear the prayer shawl and the yarmulke; the Sephardim wear the shawl and the kepa.
On Torah: The Word of God, as handed down by the prophets, which outlines God’s relationship to Israel and Israel’s relationship to God. Tikkun Olam – repairing the world – is the principal responsibility of every Jew. Many Jews have been guided into human services and caring occupations, such as social work and medicine, by their commitment to fulfilling the responsibility of Tikkun Olam. The great rabbi, Hillel, explained the Torah in a single sentence: “Do good and avoid evil; all the rest is commentary.”
On Good Deeds: Called mizvot (pl. mizvah), these are defined by Torah and community; keeping the Sabbath, making love to one’s spouse, showing hospitality towards strangers, et cetera. Doing good deeds is the way the Jew makes the world a better place for him/herself and others, thereby helping to advance Tikkun olam.
On Jewish Holidays: The most important are –
- Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonenent, where the Jew seeks forgiveness for wrongs done during the previous year.
- Sukkot, the celebration of the harvest, much like American Thanksgiving.
- The Sabbath (Shabbat), which begins every Friday evening as soon as three stars are visible in the night sky, and ends on Saturday evening, as soon as three stars are visible in the night sky.
Two facts of interest to Christians:
- The Cabalistic Cross, used to conclude a prayer, translates into English as Thine is the Kingdom, and the Power, and the Glory, forever. Amen. This ending is identical to the ending of the Lord’s Prayer Jesus taught to His disciples.
- The mezuzah, a small box Jewish families mount on the doorpost of their homes, contains a Torah verse known as the She’ma: Blessed art thou, Israel, the Lord is One, the Lord is the Only God. (Deuteronomy 6:4)
Dr. Nocon also displayed his yarmulke and prayer shawl, and demonstrated how a Jew would bind tefillin, or prayer boxes containing Torah verses, around his arms and forehead for prayer.
This was an excellent presentation, for which the congregation thanks Dr. Nocon and Pastor Moman. It will add a great deal to our experience of the Lenten season!